# 示 ・指示語　（SHIJI / SHIJIGO） |Type|**こ (KO)** = _Near Speaker_|**そ (SO)** = _Near Listener_|**あ (A)** = _Far from Both_|**ど (DO)** = _Question Word_| |---|---|---|---|---| |📍 **Place**|ここ (_koko_) – here|そこ (_soko_) – there|あそこ (_asoko_) – over there|どこ (_doko_) – where?| |📦 **Thing (Pronoun)**|これ (_kore_) – this one|それ (_sore_) – that one|あれ (_are_) – that one (over there)|どれ (_dore_) – which one?| |🔤 **Noun Modifier**|この (_kono_) + noun – this ___|その (_sono_) + noun – that ___|あの (_ano_) + noun – that ___ (over there)|どの (_dono_) + noun – which ___?| --- ### 🔹 **Examples** - **これ**はおいしい。(_Kore wa oishii._) – This is delicious. - **それ**は何ですか？(_Sore wa nan desu ka?_) – What is that? - **あれ**は高いですね。(_Are wa takai desu ne._) – That one over there is expensive. - **この**本は面白い。(_Kono hon wa omoshiroi._) – This book is interesting. - **その**猫はかわいい。(_Sono neko wa kawaii._) – That cat (near you) is cute. - **あの**人は誰ですか？(_Ano hito wa dare desu ka?_) – Who is that person over there? --- ### 🧠 **Memory Tip** - **Ko** = "Here with me" - **So** = "There with you" - **A** = "Away from both of us" - **Do** = "Which/where?" --- |Category|KO (near me)|SO (near you)|A (away from both)|DO (question)|Meaning| |---|---|---|---|---|---| |📦 **Thing (pronoun)**|これ (_kore_)|それ (_sore_)|あれ (_are_)|どれ (_dore_)|This / that / that over there / which one?| |🔤 **Thing + noun**|この (_kono_) + N|その (_sono_) + N|あの (_ano_) + N|どの (_dono_) + N|This ___ / that ___ / which ___?| |📍 **Place**|ここ (_koko_)|そこ (_soko_)|あそこ (_asoko_)|どこ (_doko_)|Here / there / over there / where?| |🔀 **Direction**|こちら (_kochira_)|そちら (_sochira_)|あちら (_achira_)|どちら (_dochira_)|This way / that way / which way? (also: polite "this/that person")| |👤 **Person**|—|—|—|だれ (_dare_)|Who? _(Only question form exists)_| |📏 **Amount/Extent**|これくらい / こんなに (_kore kurai / konna ni_)|それくらい / そんなに (_sore kurai / sonna ni_)|あれくらい / あんなに (_are kurai / anna ni_)|どれくらい / どんなに (_dore kurai / donna ni_)|This much / that much / how much?| |🧠 **Manner/Way**|こう (_kō_)|そう (_sō_)|ああ (_ā_)|どう (_dō_)|Like this / like that / how?| |❓ **Kind/Type**|こんな (_konna_)|そんな (_sonna_)|あんな (_anna_)|どんな (_donna_)|This kind / that kind / what kind?| |🔢 **Quantity/Number**|いくつ (_ikutsu_)|—|—|—|How many? _(Only question form exists)_|